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About this quote

What does it mean?
Genes influence chemistry but do not directly determine complex behaviors like novelty seeking; chains of reactions and life circumstances mediate this link.
In plain terms
Genes affect biology but do not directly cause complex behaviors like personality traits.
What can you take from it?
Biological predisposition is not the same as behavioral causation.

Where it applies

  • debating nature vs nurture
  • interpreting genetic studies
  • discussing behavior

Putting it to work

  • avoid genetic reductionism
  • consider environmental factors
  • study complex traits

Questions to consider

  • Where does biology end and environment begin?
  • Can genes cause behavior directly?

Another view

Some traits have stronger genetic links than this quote suggests.

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