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I despair of persuading people to drop the familiar and comforting tactic of dichotomy. Perhaps, instead, we might expand the framework of debates by seeking other dichotomies more appropriate than, or simply different from, the conventional divisions. All dichotomies are simplifications, but the rendition of a conflict along differing axes of several orthogonal dichotomies might provide an amplitude of proper intellectual space without forcing us to forgo our most comforting tool of thought.

Stephen Jay Gould#53

PhilosophyDebateComplexityThinkingLogic

About this quote

What does it mean?
Dichotomies simplify thought but can be expanded into multiple axes for better understanding.
In plain terms
Instead of just two sides, look at many different angles to understand complex debates.
What can you take from it?
Use multiple perspectives to avoid oversimplified either-or thinking.

Where it applies

  • academic debates
  • policy discussions
  • personal reasoning

Putting it to work

  • expand debate frameworks
  • seek orthogonal views
  • avoid strict binaries

Questions to consider

  • How can we avoid false choices?
  • Why do we prefer binaries?

Another view

Simple choices are sometimes necessary for quick decision-making.

More from Stephen Jay Gould

  1. [S]cientists are not robotic inducing machines that infer structures of explanation only from regularities observed in natural phenomena (assuming, as I doubt,…

    Permalink to quote #52
  2. [I]f texts are unified by a central logic of argument, then their pictorial illustrations are integral to the ensemble, not pretty little trifles included only…

    Permalink to quote #54
  3. The theory of punctuated equilibrium, proposed by Niles Eldredge and myself, is not, as so often misunderstood, a radical claim for truly sudden change, but a …

    Permalink to quote #51

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