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Eloquence, when at its highest pitch, leaves little room for reason or reflection; but addressing itself entirely to the fancy or the affections, captivates the willing hearers, and subdues their understanding. Happily, this pitch it seldom attains. But what a Tully or a Demosthenes could scarcely effect over a Roman or Athenian audience, every Capuchin, every itinerant or stationary teacher can perform over the generality of mankind, and in a higher degree, by touching such gross and vulgar passions.

David Hume#26

ReasonEmotionManipulationRhetoric

About this quote

What does it mean?
High eloquence bypasses reason to captivate emotions, though rare in great orators, common preachers easily manipulate the masses through vulgar passions.
In plain terms
Persuasive speech often overrides logic by appealing to feelings, and ordinary speakers do this more often than famous orators.
What can you take from it?
Be wary when speech targets emotions over logic.

Where it applies

  • political speeches
  • religious sermons
  • public debates

Putting it to work

  • critique emotional appeals
  • check reasoning
  • avoid manipulation

Questions to consider

  • When did emotion override your logic?
  • Who appeals to your passions?

Another view

Not all emotional speech is manipulative.

More from David Hume

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  2. The Christian Religion not only was at first attended with miracles, but even at this day cannot be believed by any reasonable person without one. Mere reason …

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  3. ... no testimony is sufficient to establish a miracle, unless the testimony be of such a kind, that its falsehood would be more miraculous, than the fact, whic…

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