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The dominant, almost general, idea of revolution - particularly the Socialist idea - is that revolution is a violent change of social conditions through which one social class, the working class, becomes dominant over another class, the capitalist class. It is the conception of a purely physical change, and as such it involves only political scene shifting and institutional rearrangements. Bourgeois dictatorship is replaced by the 'dictatorship of the proletariat' - or by that of its 'advance guard,' the Communist Party. Lenin takes the seat of the Romanovs, the Imperial Cabinet is rechristened Soviet of People's Commissars, Trotsky is appointed Minister of War, and a labourer becomes the Military Governor General of Moscow. That is, in essence, the Bolshevik conception of revolution, as translated into actual practice.

Emma Goldman#23

RevolutionPowerChangeClassSocialism

About this quote

What does it mean?
Goldman criticizes the Socialist view of revolution as merely a class swap and institutional reshuffling rather than true change.
In plain terms
Revolution that just swaps rulers isn't real change.
What can you take from it?
True revolution requires more than changing leaders.

Where it applies

  • political theory
  • activism
  • revolutionary strategy

Putting it to work

  • seek deep structural change
  • critique superficial reforms

Questions to consider

  • What makes a revolution real?
  • Is swapping leaders enough?

Another view

Some structural changes are necessary steps.

More from Emma Goldman

  1. The STATE IDEA, the authoritarian principle, has been proven bankrupt by the experience of the Russian Revolution. If I were to sum up my whole argument in one…

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  2. Revolution is indeed a violent process. But if it is to result only in a change of dictatorship, in a shifting of names and political personalities, then it is…

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  3. The God idea is growing more impersonal and nebulous in proportion as the human mind is learning to understand natural phenomena and in the degree that science…

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