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The state of international relations in the sixteenth century is hardly conceivable at this day. The Puritans of England and the Huguenots of France regarded Spain as their natural enemy, and on the high seas and in the British Channel they joined hands with godless freebooters to rifle her ships, kill her sailors, or throw them alive into the sea. Spain on her side seized English Protestant sailors who ventured into her ports, and burned them as heretics, or consigned them to a living death in the dungeons of the Inquisition. Yet in the latter half of the century these mutual outrages went on for years while the nations professed to be at peace. There was complaint, protest, and occasional menace, but no redress, and no declaration of war.

Francis Parkman#15

HistoryWarDiplomacyParadoxPeace

About this quote

What does it mean?
Parkman notes the paradox of formal peace masking violent private warfare between rival nations.
In plain terms
England and France pretended to be at peace while their sailors fought and killed Spaniards secretly.
What can you take from it?
Official peace often hides unofficial violence.

Where it applies

  • international relations
  • diplomatic history
  • naval warfare

Putting it to work

  • study informal conflicts
  • analyze diplomatic gaps
  • examine naval history

Questions to consider

  • How do nations maintain formal peace during conflict?
  • What motivates unofficial warfare?

Another view

The focus on piracy overlooks broader geopolitical motives behind the violence.

More from Francis Parkman

  1. Day was breaking on the world. Light, hope, and freedom pierced with vitalizing ray the clouds and the miasma that hung so thick over the prostrate Middle Age,…

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  2. When America was first made known to Europe, the part assumed by France on the borders of that new world was peculiar, and is little recognized. While the Span…

    Permalink to quote #16
  3. The monk, the inquisitor, and the Jesuit were lords of Spain,- sovereigns of her sovereign, for they had formed the dark and narrow mind of that tyrannical rec…

    Permalink to quote #13

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