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If man is not to do more harm than good in his efforts to improve the social order, he will have to learn that in this, as in all other fields where essential complexity of an organized kind prevails, he cannot acquire the full knowledge which would make mastery of the events possible. He will therefore have to use what knowledge he can achieve, not to shape the results as the craftsman shapes his handiwork, but rather to cultivate a growth by providing the appropriate environment, in the manner in which the gardener does this for his plants.

Friedrich Hayek#119

Attribution disputed; shown as originally published.

ControlPlanningGovernanceComplexityHumilityAdaptationSystems

About this quote

What does it mean?
In complex systems, humans cannot fully master outcomes, so they should cultivate conditions for growth like a gardener rather than trying to control results like a craftsman.
In plain terms
Treat society like a garden you nurture, not a machine you build.
What can you take from it?
Focus on setting conditions for growth instead of controlling outcomes.

Where it applies

  • public policy
  • business strategy
  • community building

Putting it to work

  • Design enabling environments instead of strict rules
  • Accept limits on control in complex systems

Questions to consider

  • How do you know when to nurture versus direct?
  • What counts as an 'appropriate environment'?

Another view

Some situations require direct control to prevent immediate harm.

More from Friedrich Hayek

  1. We are only beginning to understand on how subtle a communication system the functioning of an advanced industrial society is based - a communications system w…

    Permalink to quote #118
  2. The recognition of the insuperable limits to his knowledge ought indeed to teach the student of society a lesson of humility which should guard him against bec…

    Permalink to quote #120
  3. In the physical sciences there may be little objection to trying to do the impossible; one might even feel that one ought not to discourage the over-confident …

    Permalink to quote #117

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