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About this quote

What does it mean?
The people are the worst protectors of their own liberties because they lack collective judgment and will.
In plain terms
People cannot be trusted to guard their freedoms.
What can you take from it?
Rely on institutions rather than pure popular rule.

Where it applies

  • democratic reforms
  • constitutional design
  • civil rights debates

Putting it to work

  • institutional checks
  • representative bodies
  • civic education

Questions to consider

  • What mechanisms can empower citizens without risking chaos?
  • How can popular will be harnessed responsibly?

Another view

Historical examples show people can effectively defend liberties.

More from John Adams

  1. A single assembly will never be a steady guardian of the laws, if Machiavel is right, when he says, Men are never good but through necessity: on the contrary, …

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  2. There never was yet a people who must not have somebody or something to represent the dignity of the state, the majesty of the people, call it what you will - …

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  3. The right of a nation to kill a tyrant, in cases of necessity, can no more be doubted, than to hang a robber, or kill a flea. But killing one tyrant only makes…

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