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The only other instance of judicial iniquity, the mention of which, after the condemnation of Socrates, would not be an anti-climax: the event which took place on Calvary rather more than eighteen hundred years ago. The man who left on the memory of those who witnessed his life and conversation, such an impression of his moral grandeur, that eighteen subsequent centuries have done homage to him as the Almighty in person, was ignominiously put to death, as what? As a blasphemer. Men did not merely mistake their benefactor; they mistook him for the exact contrary of what he was, and treated him as that prodigy of impiety, which they themselves are now held to be, for their treatment of him. (p. 33)

John Stuart Mill#31

HistoryJusticeReligionChristianityMartyrdomMisunderstandingSocrates

About this quote

What does it mean?
Mill compares the crucifixion to the trial of Socrates as a supreme example of society executing a moral benefactor out of ignorance.
In plain terms
Society often kills its greatest helpers because it misunderstands their true nature.
What can you take from it?
Recognize that popular condemnation does not guarantee moral correctness.

Where it applies

  • historical analysis
  • religious criticism
  • legal ethics

Putting it to work

  • critique capital punishment
  • analyze historical trials
  • examine martyrdom

Questions to consider

  • Why do societies reject their moral leaders?
  • How does history judge controversial figures?

Another view

The comparison assumes the subject was indeed a benefactor, which is debatable.

More from John Stuart Mill

  1. Mankind can hardly be too often reminded, that there was once a man named Socrates, between whom and the legal authorities and public opinion of his time, ther…

    Permalink to quote #30
  2. It is a bitter thought, how different a thing the Christianity of the world might have been, if the Christian faith had been adopted as the religion of the emp…

    Permalink to quote #32
  3. The usefulness of an opinion is itself matter of opinion. (p. 30)

    Permalink to quote #29

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