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About this quote

What does it mean?
Humans naturally overestimate enemy strength rather than underestimate it.
In plain terms
We tend to think enemies are stronger than they are.
What can you take from it?
Account for natural bias when assessing opponents.

Where it applies

  • intelligence analysis
  • competitive strategy
  • conflict resolution

Putting it to work

  • fact check enemy assessments
  • calibrate risk tolerance

Questions to consider

  • How do you check your own fears?
  • When did you overestimate an obstacle?

Another view

Underestimating enemies can sometimes lead to disaster.

More from Karl von Clausewitz

  1. The worst of all conditions in which a belligerent can find himself is to be utterly defenseless.

    Permalink to quote #7
  2. ...only the element of chance is needed to make war a gamble, and that element is never absent.

    Permalink to quote #9
  3. The invention of gunpowder and the constant improvement of firearms are enough in themselves to show that the advance of civilization has done nothing practica…

    Permalink to quote #6

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