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Aesthetic theories arose one hundred fifty years ago among the wealthy classes of the Christian European world. ...And notwithstanding its obvious insolidity, nobody else's theory so pleased the cultured crowd or was accepted so readily and with such absence of criticism. It so suited the people of the upper classes that to this day, notwithstanding its entirely fantastic character and the arbitrary nature of its assertions, it is repeated by the educated and uneducated as though it were something indubitable and self-evident.

Leo Tolstoy#73

TolstoySocietyCriticismAesthetic theoryCultureArt theory

About this quote

What does it mean?
Aesthetic theories arose 150 years ago among wealthy Christians and were accepted uncritically despite being arbitrary and fantastic.
In plain terms
These art theories started among rich Christians 150 years ago and were accepted without question even though they are arbitrary.
What can you take from it?
Popular art theories often gain acceptance without criticism due to social status.

Where it applies

  • evaluating modern art theory
  • analyzing cultural trends

Putting it to work

  • question accepted art theories
  • identify class bias in art

Questions to consider

  • Why do we accept certain art theories?
  • Who benefits from prevailing aesthetics?

Another view

Calling theories arbitrary dismisses valid philosophical arguments that may support them.

More from Leo Tolstoy

  1. After Plotinus, says Schassler, fifteen centuries passed without the slightest scientific interest for the world of beauty and art. ...In reality, nothing of t…

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  2. Such... was the theory (an outgrowth of Malthusian) of the selection and struggle for existence as the basis of human progress. Such again, is Marx's theory, w…

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  3. The partisans of aesthetic theory denied that it was their own invention, and professed that it existed in the nature of things and even that it was recognized…

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