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In Germany, they came first for the Communists, And I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Communist; And then they came for the trade unionists, And I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist; And then they came for the Jews, And I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew; And then . . . they came for me . . . And by that time there was no one left to speak up.

Martin Niemoller#2

JusticeSolidarityPersecutionSilenceCourageProtection

About this quote

What does it mean?
Failing to defend others leads to having no defenders when you are targeted.
In plain terms
Not speaking up for others means no one speaks for you later.
What can you take from it?
Defend others to ensure your own protection.

Where it applies

  • political oppression
  • human rights crises

Putting it to work

  • support marginalized groups
  • publicly oppose injustice

Questions to consider

  • Who will defend you if you don't defend others?
  • What silence have you tolerated?

Another view

Historical details vary across versions.

More from Martin Niemoller

  1. Als die Nazis die Kommunisten holten, habe ich geschwiegen; ich war ja kein Kommunist. Als sie die Sozialdemokraten einsperrten, habe ich geschwiegen; ich war …

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  2. When the Nazis arrested the Communists, I said nothing; after all, I was not a Communist. When they locked up the Social Democrats, I said nothing; after all, …

    Permalink to quote #3
  3. First the Nazis came: First they came for the communists, and I did not speak out- because I was not a communist; Then they came for the socialists, and I did …

    Permalink to quote #4

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  1. Als die Nazis die Kommunisten holten, habe ich geschwiegen; ich war ja kein Kommunist. Als sie die Sozialdemokraten einsperrten, habe ich geschwiegen; ich war …

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  2. First the Nazis came: First they came for the communists, and I did not speak out- because I was not a communist; Then they came for the socialists, and I did …

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  3. To sin by silence, when we should protest, Makes cowards out of men.

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