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Lightning hits! Quality! Virtue! Dharma! That is what the Sophists were teaching! Not ethical relativism. Not pristine 'virtue.' But arete. Excellence. Dharma! Before the Church of Reason. Before substance. Before form. Before mind and matter. Before dialectic itself. Quality had been absolute. Those first teachers of the Western world were teaching Quality, and the medium they had chosen was that of rhetoric.

Robert M. Pirsig#50

PhilosophyQualityRhetoricSophists

About this quote

What does it mean?
Sophists taught Quality, Excellence, and Dharma through rhetoric, not relativism; they were the first Western teachers of absolute values.
In plain terms
Sophists promoted absolute quality via persuasive speech.
What can you take from it?
Value rhetoric as a tool for conveying deep principles.

Where it applies

  • public speaking
  • teaching philosophy

Putting it to work

  • crafting persuasive arguments
  • linking rhetoric to ethical standards

Questions to consider

  • What role does rhetoric play in shaping values?
  • How does quality differ from mere skill?

Another view

Historical evidence for this claim is debated among scholars.

More from Robert M. Pirsig

  1. How are you going to teach virtue if you teach the relativity of all ethical ideas? Virtue, if it implies anything at all, implies an ethical absolute. A perso…

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  2. The rain has lifted enough so that we can see the horizon now, a sharp line demarking the light grey of the sky and the darker grey of the water.

    Permalink to quote #51
  3. Man is not the source of all things, as the subjective idealists would say. Nor is he the passive observer of all things, as the objective idealists and materi…

    Permalink to quote #48

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