[T]ruly grand and powerful theories [:] do not and cannot rest upon single observations. Evolution is an inference from thousands of independent sources, the only conceptual structure that can make unified sense of all this disparate information. The failure of a particular claim usually records a local error, not the bankruptcy of a central theory. [:] If I mistakenly identify your father's brother as your own dad, you don't become genealogically rootless and created de novo. You still have a father; we just haven't located him properly.
About this quote
- What does it mean?
- Grand theories stand on many independent lines of evidence, so one failure does not collapse the whole structure.
- In plain terms
- Big ideas are built on thousands of facts, so one mistake does not prove them wrong.
- What can you take from it?
- Judge theories by their full body of evidence, not single errors.
Where it applies
Putting it to work
Questions to consider
- When did you judge a theory too quickly?
- What evidence supports your beliefs?
Another view
Sometimes a single contradiction does overturn a core theory.
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