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When a sixth of the population of a nation which has undertaken to be the refuge of liberty are slaves, and a whole country is unjustly overrun and conquered by a foreign army, and subjected to military law, I think that it is not too soon for honest men to rebel and revolutionize. What makes this duty the more urgent is the fact that the country so overrun is not our own, but ours is the invading army.

Henry David Thoreau#54

PoliticsJusticeHuman rightsSlaveryColonialismOccupationRebellionRevolution

About this quote

What does it mean?
Thoreau argues that when a nation’s people are enslaved and its land occupied, honest people must rebel and revolutionize.
In plain terms
He says oppressed people should rise up against foreign occupation and slavery.
What can you take from it?
Revolt against oppression and foreign domination.

Where it applies

  • colonial resistance
  • civil rights movements
  • anti‑imperial protests

Putting it to work

  • support underground networks
  • raise awareness of occupation

Questions to consider

  • What are the moral limits of violent resistance?
  • How can revolutions avoid becoming oppressive?

Another view

Violent rebellion can cause collateral suffering and instability.

More from Henry David Thoreau

  1. How does it become a man to behave toward this American government today? I answered that he cannot without disgrace be associated with it.

    Permalink to quote #53
  2. A wise man will not leave the right to the mercy of chance, nor wish it to prevail through the power of the majority. There is but little virtue in the action …

    Permalink to quote #55
  3. To speak practically and as a citizen, unlike those who call themselves no-government men, I ask for, not at once no government, but at once a better governmen…

    Permalink to quote #52

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