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The solution, as all thoughtful people recognize, must lie in properly melding the themes of inborn predisposition and shaping through life's experiences. This fruitful joining cannot take the false form of percentages adding to 100-as in 'intelligence is 80 percent nature and 20 percent nurture,' or 'homosexuality is 50 percent inborn and 50 percent learned,' and a hundred other harmful statements in this foolish format. When two ends of such a spectrum are commingled, the result is not a separable amalgam (like shuffling two decks of cards with different backs), but an entirely new and higher entity that cannot be decomposed (just as adults cannot be separated into maternal and paternal contributions to their totality).

Stephen Jay Gould#121

BiologyNatureSocietyPsychologyDevelopment

About this quote

What does it mean?
Solutions require blending innate predisposition and life experience, not adding them as fixed percentages, creating a new inseparable entity.
In plain terms
Mix nature and nurture together; do not add them as percentages.
What can you take from it?
Avoid reducing complex traits to simple nature-nurture splits.

Where it applies

  • psychology debates
  • education
  • policy

Putting it to work

  • avoid false dichotomies
  • consider interaction

Questions to consider

  • How do biology and experience interact?
  • Why are simple ratios misleading?

Another view

Percentage-based claims simplify complex data.

More from Stephen Jay Gould

  1. We debase the richness of both nature and our own minds if we view the great pageant of our intellectual history as a compendium of new information leading fro…

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  2. I have long recognized the theory and aesthetic of such comprehensive display: show everything and incite wonder by sheer variety. But I had never realized how…

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  3. Great thinkers build their edifices with subtle consistency. We do our intellectual forebears an enormous disservice when we dismember their visions and scan t…

    Permalink to quote #119

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