People are said to believe in God, or to disbelieve in Adam and Eve. But in such cases what is believed or disbelieved is that there is an entity answering a certain description. This, which can be believed or disbelieved is quite different from the actual entity (if any) which does answer the description. Thus the matter of belief is, in all cases, different in kind from the matter of sensation or presentation, and error is in no way analogous to hallucination. A hallucination is a fact, not an error; what is erroneous is a judgment based upon it.
About this quote
- What does it mean?
- Russell distinguishes belief about a description from the actual entity, saying error concerns judgment, not hallucination, which is a fact.
- In plain terms
- Belief errors are judgments about descriptions, not the same as hallucinations.
- What can you take from it?
- Mistakes arise from wrong judgments, not from false perceptions.
Where it applies
Putting it to work
Questions to consider
- How can we tell a judgment error from a perceptual hallucination?
- Does this view affect how we treat false beliefs?
Another view
The distinction may blur when perceptions are ambiguous.
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