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It would seem that common sense and reason ought to find a way to reach agreement in every conflict of honest interests. I myself think it our bounden duty to believe in such international rationality as possible. But, as things stand, I see how desperately hard it is to bring the peace-party and the war-party together, and I believe that the difficulty is due to certain deficiencies in the program of pacifism which set the military imagination strongly, and to a certain extent justifiably, against it. In the whole discussion both sides are on imaginative and sentimental ground. It is but one utopia against another, and everything one says must be abstract and hypothetical.

William James#94

PhilosophyWarPeaceDiplomacyPacifism

About this quote

What does it mean?
Common sense and reason should resolve conflicts, but pacifist programs lack elements that satisfy military imagination, making peace difficult.
In plain terms
Peace is hard because pacifism doesn't address military concerns.
What can you take from it?
Effective peace strategies must consider both rational and emotional aspects of conflict.

Where it applies

  • international negotiations
  • conflict resolution workshops

Putting it to work

  • diplomatic training
  • peace education

Questions to consider

  • What missing elements could pacifism incorporate?
  • How can imagination be used constructively in peacebuilding?

Another view

It oversimplifies the complexity of diplomatic and military motivations.

More from William James

  1. At the present day, civilized opinion is a curious mental mixture. The military instincts and ideals are as strong as ever, but they are confronted by reflecti…

    Permalink to quote #93
  2. The militarily-patriotic and the romantic-minded everywhere, and especially the professional military class, refuse to admit for a moment that war may be a tra…

    Permalink to quote #95
  3. We inherit the warlike type; and for most of the capacities of heroism that the human race is full of we have to thank this cruel history. Dead men tell no tal…

    Permalink to quote #92

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